NAD+

What is NAD+?

NAD+, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is a coenzyme found in all living cells. It is crucial for many biological processes, including energy production, DNA repair, and regulation of sirtuins, which are proteins that play an important role in the cell's lifecycle. NAD+ functions as an electron carrier in metabolism and is central to converting nutrients into energy.

How does it work in the body?

NAD+ has several important functions in the body:

• Energy production: NAD+ is involved in the cell's energy metabolism through its role in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain, where it helps produce ATP, the body's primary energy currency.
• DNA repair: NAD+ is necessary to activate enzymes involved in DNA repair, which is important for maintaining cellular integrity and preventing mutations.
• Regulation of sirtuins: These proteins are known to influence ageing and lifespan. Sirtuins use NAD+ to perform their functions, affecting everything from metabolism to inflammation.

Scientific benefits

Several studies have examined the benefits of NAD+ and its role in health and ageing. Here are some of the most significant findings:

• Improved metabolic health: Research has shown that increased levels of NAD+ can improve insulin sensitivity and support weight management.
• Neuroprotection: Studies suggest that NAD+ may protect nerve cells from degeneration, which has implications for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
• Anti-ageing effects: By supporting sirtuins, which are linked to ageing, NAD+ may potentially delay age-related diseases and improve quality of life.

Dosage and recommendations

There is no official recommended dosage for NAD+, but many supplements containing NAD+ precursors, such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) or nicotinamide (NAM), are recommended in doses between 250 mg and 500 mg per day. It is important to consult a doctor before starting supplements, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

Best sources and forms

NAD+ can be found in several supplements and foods:

• Supplements: Nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide (NAM) are popular forms of NAD+ and are available in many health food stores.
• Foods: Sources such as milk, vegetables, meat, and fish contain precursors to NAD+, which can help the body produce more of this essential coenzyme.

Side effects and warnings

Generally, NAD+ supplements are considered safe for most people when taken at recommended doses. However, some may experience mild side effects such as:

• Nausea
• Headache
• Gastrointestinal discomfort

It is important to discuss with a doctor before starting NAD+ supplements, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a medical history of kidney problems.

Frequently asked questions

What happens to NAD+ levels as we age?

NAD+ levels tend to decrease with age, which can affect cellular function and contribute to age-related diseases.

Can I increase my NAD+ levels naturally?

Yes, by including foods rich in niacin and its precursors, as well as exercising regularly, you can support the body's production of NAD+.

Are NAD+ supplements safe?

For most people, NAD+ supplements are safe at recommended doses, but it is always best to consult a doctor first.

Can NAD+ affect my energy levels?

Yes, since NAD+ plays a central role in energy production within cells, increased availability of this coenzyme can potentially improve energy levels.

How long does it take to see results from NAD+ supplements?

Results may vary depending on individual health and lifestyle, but some users report improvements within a few weeks of supplementation.