Glutathione

What is Glutathione?

Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glycine, and glutamate. It is often referred to as the body's master antioxidant due to its central role in protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals and oxidative stress. Glutathione is naturally present in every cell of the body and is crucial for many biological processes, including detoxification, immune defence, and energy metabolism. Although the body can produce glutathione on its own, levels can be affected by factors such as ageing, diet, and lifestyle, making it important to understand its functions and benefits.

How does it work in the body?

Glutathione works by neutralising free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and protecting cells. It also participates in detoxification processes by binding to and helping eliminate toxic substances from the body, including heavy metals and drug residues. Additionally, glutathione plays a key role in regenerating other antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, which enhances the body's resilience against oxidative damage.

Scientific benefits

Several studies have investigated the effects of glutathione and its potential health benefits:

• Immune defence: Research shows that glutathione can improve immune response, especially in older adults and individuals with compromised immune systems (Cameron et al., 2010).
• Detoxification: A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation demonstrated that high levels of glutathione are associated with more effective detoxification by liver enzymes (Terry et al., 2012).
• Skin health: According to research, glutathione may help reduce signs of ageing and improve skin elasticity (Wang et al., 2015).

Dosage and recommendations

There is no universal recommended dosage for glutathione, as the need may vary depending on an individual's health status and lifestyle. Typically, a dose between 250-1000 mg per day is recommended for supplements, but it is important to consult a doctor before starting glutathione, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications.

Best sources and forms

Glutathione can be taken as a supplement but is also found in certain foods. The best sources include:

• Green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale)
• Broccoli
• Avocado
• Walnuts
• Beetroot

There are different forms of glutathione on the market, including liposomal glutathione and acetylglutathione, which may have better bioavailability compared to regular glutathione.

Side effects and warnings

Glutathione is generally considered safe for most people when taken at recommended doses. However, some may experience mild side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions. It is also important to note that individuals with specific health conditions, such as asthma, should be cautious with glutathione supplements and always consult a doctor before use.

Frequently asked questions

Is glutathione good for the skin?

Yes, glutathione can help improve skin health and reduce signs of ageing by acting as an antioxidant and aiding detoxification.

Can I increase my glutathione levels through diet?

Yes, foods rich in sulphur, such as cruciferous vegetables and garlic, can support the body's natural production of glutathione.

Is glutathione safe to take daily?

For most individuals, glutathione is safe to take at recommended doses, but it is always best to consult a doctor before starting any new supplement.

Can I take glutathione if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?

There is insufficient research to fully confirm the safety of glutathione during pregnancy or breastfeeding, so it is important to discuss this with a doctor.

What is the difference between oral and intravenous glutathione?

Oral glutathione may have lower bioavailability than intravenous glutathione, meaning the amount that actually reaches the bloodstream can be less with oral consumption.